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well good afternoon and happy new year

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my name is duane brown from the office

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of communications welcome to nasa

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headquarters

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today you will hear about nasa's

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upcoming valentine's day

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rendezvous with a comment

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we'll have brief presentations and then

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we will open it up for questions

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so let's get started first let me

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introduce you to today's participants

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first up

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will be joe ververka

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start us next principal investigator

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cornell university

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ithaca new york

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tim larson

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startup's next project manager

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from jet propulsion laboratory pasadena

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pete schultz

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starduck's next co-investigator

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brown university

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providence rhode island

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and steve chesley

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start us next co-investigator

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also from the jet propulsion laboratory

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so with that i'll turn it over to joe

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thank you duane good afternoon

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we are here to update you on the

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stardust next mission which is uh less

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than a month away from its encounter

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with comet temple one on february 14th

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and it's important to realize that uh

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stardust next involves the reuse of a

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spacecraft

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we are hoping to see the next slide

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okay all right

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as i mentioned uh stardust next uh

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reuses the stardust spacecraft which was

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originally launched in 1999

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the goal of this original stardust

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mission

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next step

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was to

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let's see where thank you

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and the idea was to fly by comet bill 2

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and collect dust

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in a capsule and return that capsule

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with the dust to urge for analysis that

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was done successfully

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two years later next

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step please

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the capsule with the sample was returned

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to earth in january 2006 and since then

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these samples have been analyzed in

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laboratories around the world next step

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and they continue to provide important

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information about how comets were formed

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and about the earliest processes in the

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solar system

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so stardust itself was a great success

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and the thing to remember was that not

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only was it a great success but it left

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a perfectly working spacecraft out in

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space

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and so the next step shows us that

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in 2006 we decided to ask nasa to send

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the spacecraft to reuse it and send it

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on another mission of exploration the

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target the next step please

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comment temple one that's the comet that

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was visited by deep impact in 2005. so

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why go back to temple one

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well there are two answers one is that

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temple one turned out to be unusually

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interesting

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the next slide shows us that in places

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on temple one we see uh layered terrains

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which probably contain information about

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how comet nuclei were put together and

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we would like to see more of these

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terrains uh deep impacts only about a

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third of the surface we would like to

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see more and as the next slide shows us

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we would also like to see more about

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see more of the areas

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that deep impacts are these smooth flows

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which apparently suggests that comet

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nuclei are not only modified by

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processes from the outside but also by

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internal processes so there are things

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that we would like to find out about

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temple which

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we we don't know at the time at this

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time but the next

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time step shows us probably the most

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important reason for going back to

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temple one and that is that

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this will be an opportunity for first

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time to see how much a comet changes

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between two close passages to the sun

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deep impact saw the comet to 2005 we'll

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be seeing it one comment here later just

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after its closest passage to the sun

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in

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2011. so the question is we know that

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comets lose material but the question is

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how much does the surface change and

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where does the surface change so we'll

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be able to answer that question by

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comparing our images with those taken by

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the deep impact in 2005. so to achieve

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these two objectives we have a definite

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plan it's summarized in the next time

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step

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which shows us a surface map of temple

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one

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the grey mosaic shows us data that were

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obtained by deep impact in 2005. the

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yellow area yellowish area is the

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projected new coverage on valentine's

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day as you can see there is a region of

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overlap where we can be looking for

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changes and there is a region where

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we're looking at new territory it was

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not seen by deep impact to extend our

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knowledge of the comet comet now you

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also notice that there is a bullseye in

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the middle of this diagram and that is

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the location where deep impact in 2005

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uh excavated a crater

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the next time step

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reminds us that that impact

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threw up so much ejecta that deep impact

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never saw the crater so it could never

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complete the experiment of seeing how

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big the crater is and what that tells us

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about the mechanical properties of the

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comet surface that's important if we're

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ever going to go back to a comet land a

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spacecraft on the surface they get

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material from the surface to bring it

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back to the earth we need to know

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something about mechanical properties so

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here we have a chance to complete the

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deep impact experiment

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so to achieve all these things as we'll

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be described in a few minutes

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we have chosen uh an encounter time

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where we can

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do these two things that we want to do

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and

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we have chosen a uh

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missed distance of 120 kilometers 120

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miles from the surface of the comet

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shown in the next time step are some of

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the images that we expect to take right

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at close approach

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not only will we be taking 72 high

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resolution images we'll also be

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collecting information on the amount and

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the type of dust that surrounds the

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comet and

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these

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measurements will be described in a

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little bit more detail by later speakers

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let me just say that the resolution that

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we expect to achieve about 12 meters per

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pixel at best is sufficient to address

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all the objectives that i've discussed

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in the last time step i just want to

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remind us that

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we are getting closer and closer to the

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comet every day the spacecraft is

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working wonderfully well the spacecraft

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team is working hard preparing all the

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data taking sequences that we'll be

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using on valentine's day the navigation

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team is working very hard to make sure

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that we get to where we need to be on

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valentine's day and all i can say about

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the science team is that the science

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team is awfully excited and just cannot

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wait to see the pictures and the dust

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data that we expect on valentine's day

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and with that i'd like to turn it over

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to our project manager tim larson who

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will give us a few more details about

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the mission itself

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thank you joe

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we mentioned already the stardust next

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is a bonus mission and it takes

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advantage of some key factors one

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we have a spacecraft that's still

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working well after being in space for

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almost 12 years now since launch uh it's

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traveled uh almost six billion

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kilometers since launch so it's it's got

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some mileage on it but it's still

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working well able to do another mission

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we also have a scientifically desirable

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target or an interesting target that we

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can get close to with the fuel that we

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have left and most importantly

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we have a team of people that has the

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skills and innovation and the dedication

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needed to pull off this kind of a

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mission we have people that have been

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flying the spacecraft at lockheed martin

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in denver colorado since the time it was

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launched so we

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some some wonderful dedicated people

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that know the spacecraft inside and out

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know how to make it do what we need it

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to do and that's what really enables

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this mission

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as you may recall this is the second

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common encounter for nasa in the last

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four months

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the deep impact spacecraft flew by comet

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hartley 2 in this last november that was

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a great success

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but

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like comets are all different also comet

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missions and flybys are all very

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different and have their own unique sets

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of challenges so let's talk about our

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spacecraft first for a little bit and

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some of the uh features of the

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spacecraft and some of the the

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challenges that we're dealing with here

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you'll see a scale model here of the

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stardust spacecraft

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you'll see at the top of the spacecraft

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are the solar arrays that generate the

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electric power that we use to to power

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the spacecraft and to operate all the

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equipment on board

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also on the top you'll see this larger

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antenna that's our high gain antenna

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part of our radial system that we use to

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communicate with earth and that's what

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enables us to get the higher data rates

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to be able to get all this data back

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down to earth

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and then you'll see these bumpers at the

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very front here and in the front of the

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spacecraft body itself these are the

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shields this spacecraft was originally

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designed as a comet fly-by spacecraft

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and these shields were designed and put

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in place to protect the spacecraft as it

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flew through the coma of the comet and

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to protect it from dust particles

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impacting the spacecraft at that time at

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six kilometers per second uh this

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current next flyby will be at a speed of

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a little over 10 kilometers per second

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and so this is what these shields are

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what provide our main protection for the

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spacecraft now in terms of instruments

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that will be gathering data as we uh fly

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by the comet uh if you look at this side

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of the spacecraft you'll see this

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feature right here that is a navigation

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camera with its mirrors and periscope

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that is able to look out past the

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shields as we approach the comet

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and then on the other side of the

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spacecraft you'll see another instrument

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that comes down

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uh with a sensor sticking down below

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again that's another sensor that's out

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in the flow of the dust this is the

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comet and interstellar dust analyzer

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instrument that will help us

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characterize the dust environment that

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we fly through and then the third

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instrument is mounted right in the

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circle that you see at the front of the

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spacecraft and that's the dust flux

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monitor that will further help us

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00:10:13,350 --> 00:10:11,920
characterize the dust field that we fly

284
00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:13,360
through so these are some of the key

285
00:10:19,269 --> 00:10:15,120
features of the spacecraft that has done

286
00:10:23,670 --> 00:10:21,350
as mentioned earlier uh this spacecraft

287
00:10:26,389 --> 00:10:23,680
is repurposed uh we've recycled it and

288
00:10:28,150 --> 00:10:26,399
uh and it's it's had a whole entire life

289
00:10:30,069 --> 00:10:28,160
and i'd like to show you with uh the

290
00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:30,079
first uh the first animation that you'll

291
00:10:33,190 --> 00:10:31,440
see here it'll show you a little

292
00:10:36,150 --> 00:10:33,200
synopsis of the life of this spacecraft

293
00:10:39,030 --> 00:10:36,160
starting with the launch in 1999

294
00:10:41,269 --> 00:10:39,040
february of 1999 so this spacecraft is

295
00:10:43,590 --> 00:10:41,279
coming up on 12 years in space it's had

296
00:10:45,670 --> 00:10:43,600
a long a long and illustrious life well

297
00:10:48,069 --> 00:10:45,680
beyond its original planned design life

298
00:10:49,750 --> 00:10:48,079
but it's still working well

299
00:10:52,550 --> 00:10:49,760
since it's launched it traveled halfway

300
00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:52,560
out to jupiter and back it executed a

301
00:10:56,710 --> 00:10:54,720
flyby of um

302
00:10:58,949 --> 00:10:56,720
of asteroid and frank

303
00:11:00,389 --> 00:10:58,959
and it also executed then the flyby of

304
00:11:02,470 --> 00:11:00,399
comet ville ii

305
00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:02,480
after that flyby where it collected the

306
00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:04,480
sam the dust samples it returned that

307
00:11:07,829 --> 00:11:06,640
capsule back to earth creating a large

308
00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:07,839
fireball as it came through the

309
00:11:11,750 --> 00:11:10,480
atmosphere it was the fastest man-made

310
00:11:14,069 --> 00:11:11,760
object to re-enter the earth's

311
00:11:15,990 --> 00:11:14,079
atmosphere and it's the first time that

312
00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:16,000
we've been able to return

313
00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:18,320
samples from outer space back to earth

314
00:11:22,550 --> 00:11:19,839
after that flyby the spacecraft

315
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:22,560
continued circling the sun and now we've

316
00:11:26,870 --> 00:11:24,720
been able to retarget it to meet up with

317
00:11:28,630 --> 00:11:26,880
with comet tempel one and after all of

318
00:11:30,150 --> 00:11:28,640
that it still has some fuel in the tank

319
00:11:31,350 --> 00:11:30,160
but that's one of the uh that's one of

320
00:11:32,230 --> 00:11:31,360
the challenges that we're working with

321
00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:32,240
here

322
00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:33,440
is um

323
00:11:37,590 --> 00:11:34,880
is the remaining fuel and managing the

324
00:11:38,949 --> 00:11:37,600
remaining fuel um with the way we design

325
00:11:40,870 --> 00:11:38,959
our spacecraft and our missions we

326
00:11:43,110 --> 00:11:40,880
account for all kinds of uncertainties

327
00:11:45,030 --> 00:11:43,120
and and unknowns and that's why we

328
00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:45,040
usually have some fuel left after our

329
00:11:48,949 --> 00:11:46,640
primary missions and that's what enables

330
00:11:50,470 --> 00:11:48,959
these kinds of extended missions however

331
00:11:53,030 --> 00:11:50,480
the challenge is to make sure that that

332
00:11:54,310 --> 00:11:53,040
fuel lasts as long as you need it to

333
00:11:57,269 --> 00:11:54,320
everything we do on the spacecraft

334
00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:57,279
consumes fuel it is a it is a spacecraft

335
00:12:01,910 --> 00:11:59,279
that's controlled strictly by uh

336
00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:01,920
reaction control thrusters and so every

337
00:12:06,150 --> 00:12:03,760
time we turn the spacecraft every time

338
00:12:07,750 --> 00:12:06,160
we point the spacecraft our daily just

339
00:12:09,670 --> 00:12:07,760
uh dead banding as we control the

340
00:12:11,590 --> 00:12:09,680
attitude of the spacecraft all of that

341
00:12:13,670 --> 00:12:11,600
consumes fuel and so we have to predict

342
00:12:14,870 --> 00:12:13,680
all of that into the future predict

343
00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:14,880
everything we're planning on doing with

344
00:12:18,790 --> 00:12:16,880
the spacecraft calculate how much fuel

345
00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,800
that's going to consume and making sure

346
00:12:21,990 --> 00:12:20,720
that we have enough and we control our

347
00:12:24,069 --> 00:12:22,000
activities to make sure we have enough

348
00:12:25,350 --> 00:12:24,079
fuel to make it through the flyby and

349
00:12:26,710 --> 00:12:25,360
and playing all those images back to

350
00:12:29,509 --> 00:12:26,720
earth so that's been one of our biggest

351
00:12:32,150 --> 00:12:29,519
challenges and it's one that that that

352
00:12:33,590 --> 00:12:32,160
we pay very close attention to and uh

353
00:12:34,389 --> 00:12:33,600
and and i'm happy to tell you that we

354
00:12:35,910 --> 00:12:34,399
really

355
00:12:37,430 --> 00:12:35,920
are confident in having enough fuel to

356
00:12:38,790 --> 00:12:37,440
finish up this mission although after

357
00:12:43,829 --> 00:12:38,800
this mission there won't be much left

358
00:12:47,269 --> 00:12:45,430
in the process of re-targeting the

359
00:12:50,389 --> 00:12:47,279
spacecraft and taking over the comet

360
00:12:52,870 --> 00:12:50,399
temple one we conducted three additional

361
00:12:55,110 --> 00:12:52,880
orbits around the sun

362
00:12:56,710 --> 00:12:55,120
we conducted five targeting maneuvers

363
00:12:59,509 --> 00:12:56,720
and the largest one of those maneuvers

364
00:13:01,670 --> 00:12:59,519
was one that we executed last february

365
00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:01,680
now that maneuver head was a special

366
00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:03,760
maneuver for us because a year before

367
00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:06,320
getting to our target we had to decide

368
00:13:10,870 --> 00:13:08,079
when we wanted to arrive at the target

369
00:13:13,509 --> 00:13:10,880
within the matter of several hours and

370
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:13,519
that was our best opportunity to uh to

371
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:15,360
change that arrival time

372
00:13:18,550 --> 00:13:17,200
if we had waited until we seen the we

373
00:13:20,470 --> 00:13:18,560
have seen the comment or as we get close

374
00:13:22,230 --> 00:13:20,480
to the comments say for example now

375
00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:22,240
we would have very little adjustability

376
00:13:26,949 --> 00:13:23,760
left we'd maybe be able to adjust our

377
00:13:28,629 --> 00:13:26,959
arrival time by maybe an hour at most

378
00:13:30,870 --> 00:13:28,639
so the ability the ability we had the

379
00:13:32,310 --> 00:13:30,880
ability if we did the burn a year before

380
00:13:34,310 --> 00:13:32,320
getting to the target was one of our

381
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:34,320
best lever uh times we have the best

382
00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:35,760
lever arm in our trajectory to be able

383
00:13:39,590 --> 00:13:37,680
to adjust our arrival time that's when

384
00:13:40,870 --> 00:13:39,600
we had our best shot at doing that so we

385
00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:40,880
had to make our best predictions and

386
00:13:43,750 --> 00:13:41,920
steve's going to talk to you a little

387
00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:43,760
bit about that process of predicting

388
00:13:47,269 --> 00:13:45,440
what phase of the comet we expect to see

389
00:13:50,629 --> 00:13:47,279
when we get there and based on those

390
00:13:52,629 --> 00:13:50,639
predicts is is how we chose our our

391
00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:52,639
arrival time burn this was a 23-minute

392
00:13:57,110 --> 00:13:55,440
burn of our rocket engines and it

393
00:13:59,110 --> 00:13:57,120
delayed our arrival at the comet by

394
00:14:01,350 --> 00:13:59,120
about eight or eight and a half hours

395
00:14:03,350 --> 00:14:01,360
and uh so that was a major event for us

396
00:14:06,230 --> 00:14:03,360
almost a year ago last february

397
00:14:08,870 --> 00:14:06,240
so now as we get closer to the comet

398
00:14:10,629 --> 00:14:08,880
we'll start uh getting more

399
00:14:12,470 --> 00:14:10,639
busier and busier there a lot of the

400
00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:12,480
activities that take place can only take

401
00:14:16,069 --> 00:14:14,320
place once we get very close and have

402
00:14:17,829 --> 00:14:16,079
the knowledge that we need to be able to

403
00:14:19,670 --> 00:14:17,839
design these appropriately so our last

404
00:14:22,310 --> 00:14:19,680
targeting maneuver as we approach the

405
00:14:23,990 --> 00:14:22,320
comet is two days out that is the last

406
00:14:25,829 --> 00:14:24,000
maneuver that will be fully designed to

407
00:14:27,829 --> 00:14:25,839
target to our 200 kilometer flyby

408
00:14:29,829 --> 00:14:27,839
distance and that will be executed two

409
00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:29,839
days before we arrive at the comet right

410
00:14:34,069 --> 00:14:31,440
after that maneuver we'll be taking our

411
00:14:36,389 --> 00:14:34,079
last optical navigation images and those

412
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:36,399
are the images that we'll use to to uh

413
00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:39,120
build our best prediction of our actual

414
00:14:43,990 --> 00:14:42,480
flyby point and the the the path of the

415
00:14:46,310 --> 00:14:44,000
trajectory of the comet relative to the

416
00:14:48,470 --> 00:14:46,320
spacecraft once we build that then we

417
00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:48,480
will load up at 24 hours out we'll load

418
00:14:51,670 --> 00:14:50,320
up our final sequences that have been

419
00:14:54,949 --> 00:14:51,680
built with that latest estimate or the

420
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:54,959
closest time and closest approach and

421
00:14:58,550 --> 00:14:56,639
that final data on the comet trajectory

422
00:15:00,069 --> 00:14:58,560
will also be loaded onto the spacecraft

423
00:15:02,150 --> 00:15:00,079
and from then on the spacecraft will be

424
00:15:03,590 --> 00:15:02,160
working autonomously we cannot control

425
00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:03,600
the spacecraft real time and here's

426
00:15:07,509 --> 00:15:05,360
another challenge with this mission the

427
00:15:09,189 --> 00:15:07,519
spacecraft is currently basically

428
00:15:11,030 --> 00:15:09,199
opposite the sun from the earth so we're

429
00:15:12,790 --> 00:15:11,040
about two astronomical units away from

430
00:15:14,389 --> 00:15:12,800
earth at the time of encounter that

431
00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:14,399
means when we send a comment up to the

432
00:15:19,110 --> 00:15:16,880
uh or command up to the spacecraft and

433
00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:19,120
wait for the confirmation that that that

434
00:15:22,949 --> 00:15:20,880
command arrived there and was executed

435
00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:22,959
properly that round-trip light time is

436
00:15:26,150 --> 00:15:24,880
approximately 40 minutes so there's

437
00:15:28,389 --> 00:15:26,160
nothing we can do to command the

438
00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:28,399
spacecraft or control it real time

439
00:15:31,990 --> 00:15:30,240
during a flyby like this therefore

440
00:15:33,829 --> 00:15:32,000
everything has to be programmed ahead of

441
00:15:35,590 --> 00:15:33,839
time put on board the spacecraft and

442
00:15:38,069 --> 00:15:35,600
sequenced and everything happens

443
00:15:39,910 --> 00:15:38,079
autonomously onboard the spacecraft so

444
00:15:41,829 --> 00:15:39,920
one hour before we get to the comet the

445
00:15:43,590 --> 00:15:41,839
spacecraft will turn to orient itself

446
00:15:45,030 --> 00:15:43,600
with these shields facing forward to

447
00:15:46,389 --> 00:15:45,040
protect itself as it flies through the

448
00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:46,399
comb of the comet

449
00:15:50,710 --> 00:15:48,560
about 30 minutes before closest approach

450
00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:50,720
our autonav software will activate and

451
00:15:54,230 --> 00:15:52,639
that's that's essentially an autopilot

452
00:15:55,990 --> 00:15:54,240
software onboard the spacecraft that

453
00:15:57,509 --> 00:15:56,000
analyzes the pictures that we're taking

454
00:15:59,509 --> 00:15:57,519
of the comet figures out where the

455
00:16:01,590 --> 00:15:59,519
brightest spot is calculates that as

456
00:16:03,189 --> 00:16:01,600
being the center of the nucleus and then

457
00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:03,199
adjusts the position of the camera

458
00:16:06,710 --> 00:16:05,040
mirror so that we can keep the nucleus

459
00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:06,720
in the field of view of the camera all

460
00:16:11,829 --> 00:16:09,040
the way through the flyby of the comet

461
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:11,839
then if you roll the second animation

462
00:16:16,470 --> 00:16:14,240
this will show you what we expect to see

463
00:16:18,470 --> 00:16:16,480
uh as we fly by the comet and the kind

464
00:16:20,550 --> 00:16:18,480
of images we expect to get of the comet

465
00:16:22,550 --> 00:16:20,560
as we fly by if everything goes as

466
00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:22,560
planned this is assuming a 200 kilometer

467
00:16:26,550 --> 00:16:24,959
flyby about 20 degrees south of the sun

468
00:16:28,790 --> 00:16:26,560
line and

469
00:16:31,030 --> 00:16:28,800
if the phase of the comet is as we

470
00:16:32,870 --> 00:16:31,040
predicted and so it's exciting to see

471
00:16:34,629 --> 00:16:32,880
this kind of information coming out and

472
00:16:37,350 --> 00:16:34,639
and see these kind of simulations that

473
00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:37,360
show us what we expect to see on on

474
00:16:46,150 --> 00:16:44,150
as we fly by our closest approach will

475
00:16:50,150 --> 00:16:46,160
be about 8 30 in the evening pacific

476
00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:50,160
time on valentine's day february 14th

477
00:16:53,269 --> 00:16:51,600
in the few minutes around closest

478
00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:53,279
approach we'll be taking the bulk of our

479
00:16:56,550 --> 00:16:54,800
images we'll be taking 72 high

480
00:16:58,150 --> 00:16:56,560
resolution images

481
00:16:59,990 --> 00:16:58,160
we cannot transmit those to the ground

482
00:17:01,509 --> 00:17:00,000
real time because of the flyby geometry

483
00:17:03,590 --> 00:17:01,519
so we have to store all of those onboard

484
00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:03,600
in the spacecraft memory an hour after

485
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:05,360
the flyby we turn the spacecraft to

486
00:17:09,270 --> 00:17:06,880
point the high gain antenna back at the

487
00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:09,280
earth and at that point we'll start

488
00:17:13,189 --> 00:17:11,120
relaying all this information back to

489
00:17:14,549 --> 00:17:13,199
earth and that'll take approximately 12

490
00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:14,559
hours to get all this data back down on

491
00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:16,319
the ground our first images should be

492
00:17:20,390 --> 00:17:17,520
hitting the ground around midnight

493
00:17:22,390 --> 00:17:20,400
pacific time on the evening of the 14th

494
00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:22,400
so that's what to expect uh during our

495
00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:23,760
flyby and some of the key things that

496
00:17:27,189 --> 00:17:25,679
will be happening and to talk to us a

497
00:17:28,870 --> 00:17:27,199
little bit more about what we might see

498
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:28,880
when we get there and the geology of the

499
00:17:33,750 --> 00:17:31,120
comet i'd like to introduce pete schultz

500
00:17:36,549 --> 00:17:33,760
thanks tim deep impact was really a

501
00:17:39,190 --> 00:17:36,559
ground breaking mission with many firsts

502
00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:39,200
ground meant ground breaking also by the

503
00:17:43,350 --> 00:17:40,799
impact probe that actually produced a

504
00:17:44,950 --> 00:17:43,360
brand new impact on the nucleus

505
00:17:47,029 --> 00:17:44,960
so the first time we're going to be

506
00:17:49,110 --> 00:17:47,039
going back and we'll actually get to see

507
00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:49,120
what's happened since the time we're

508
00:17:52,789 --> 00:17:50,000
there

509
00:17:54,870 --> 00:17:52,799
now the earth has been around the sun

510
00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:54,880
five and a half times since our last

511
00:17:57,590 --> 00:17:55,840
visit

512
00:17:59,909 --> 00:17:57,600
the comet has been all the way out to

513
00:18:02,710 --> 00:17:59,919
near the orbit of jupiter back in just

514
00:18:05,110 --> 00:18:02,720
inside the orbit of mars and now it's

515
00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:05,120
heading back again and during this time

516
00:18:10,150 --> 00:18:06,880
the comets had several outbursts one of

517
00:18:11,669 --> 00:18:10,160
them happened about 10 days before our

518
00:18:13,190 --> 00:18:11,679
close visit by the deep impact

519
00:18:16,150 --> 00:18:13,200
spacecraft

520
00:18:19,270 --> 00:18:16,160
so in 2005 we saw a surface with a wide

521
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:19,280
range of features some old some new and

522
00:18:22,950 --> 00:18:20,880
if we go to that first time step i'll

523
00:18:24,630 --> 00:18:22,960
give you some examples this is a color

524
00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:24,640
rendition done by the deep impact

525
00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:26,160
science team that shows you some of the

526
00:18:29,430 --> 00:18:28,000
different types of terrains which i'll

527
00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:29,440
be discussing a little bit more detail

528
00:18:33,270 --> 00:18:30,880
but you can see that there's these hilly

529
00:18:35,270 --> 00:18:33,280
areas smooth areas areas that look like

530
00:18:37,350 --> 00:18:35,280
they're layered but if we go to the next

531
00:18:38,870 --> 00:18:37,360
time step we can take a look at this in

532
00:18:41,270 --> 00:18:38,880
more detail

533
00:18:43,510 --> 00:18:41,280
the top image shows the raw surface

534
00:18:45,270 --> 00:18:43,520
without any markings on the lower part

535
00:18:47,350 --> 00:18:45,280
i've identified some of the interesting

536
00:18:48,870 --> 00:18:47,360
areas one of them are the crater-like

537
00:18:50,310 --> 00:18:48,880
features

538
00:18:51,990 --> 00:18:50,320
you know the first reaction is these

539
00:18:54,390 --> 00:18:52,000
might be impact craters

540
00:18:56,630 --> 00:18:54,400
but they may not be these could be sites

541
00:18:58,789 --> 00:18:56,640
of ancient vents where

542
00:19:01,510 --> 00:18:58,799
gases were erupted and this may have

543
00:19:03,430 --> 00:19:01,520
been millions of comet years ago and now

544
00:19:05,029 --> 00:19:03,440
they're just sitting there extinct

545
00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:05,039
there are other areas like that the

546
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:07,120
little blue regions that are these knobs

547
00:19:11,029 --> 00:19:08,880
these dark knobs the dark knobs are

548
00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:11,039
poking up through a layer that we can

549
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:12,400
actually identify

550
00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:15,120
and then the other white circles or the

551
00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:17,520
yellow arrows identify small

552
00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:18,640
white

553
00:19:22,830 --> 00:19:20,720
patches that could be ice could be mini

554
00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:22,840
jets that are coming out this old

555
00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:25,280
surface and the most interesting thing

556
00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:28,000
is this large plateau that looks like a

557
00:19:33,590 --> 00:19:30,960
flow and if that's the flow it's it was

558
00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:33,600
indicating that there was gas and dust

559
00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:36,320
emanating out from the left hand side

560
00:19:40,549 --> 00:19:38,320
off the terminator edge and then flowing

561
00:19:42,310 --> 00:19:40,559
into the region toward the center

562
00:19:43,990 --> 00:19:42,320
but the other idea is that maybe this

563
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:44,000
was there beforehand and this was just

564
00:19:47,990 --> 00:19:45,679
an old accumulation of being around the

565
00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:48,000
sun several times and now it's simply

566
00:19:52,310 --> 00:19:49,679
receding backwards

567
00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:52,320
so the real point is that now with going

568
00:19:56,549 --> 00:19:53,919
back we'll be able to take a look at the

569
00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:56,559
surface and actually see what's changed

570
00:20:01,270 --> 00:19:58,640
has this gotten longer has it gotten

571
00:20:03,590 --> 00:20:01,280
more forward or has it moved backwards

572
00:20:04,549 --> 00:20:03,600
so the next time step we look at the two

573
00:20:07,029 --> 00:20:04,559
ends

574
00:20:09,590 --> 00:20:07,039
of of the comet here we can actually see

575
00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:09,600
again a smooth deposit or flow and we

576
00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:11,840
can also see a bright deposit right next

577
00:20:16,549 --> 00:20:14,720
to a pit now that bright deposit turns

578
00:20:18,549 --> 00:20:16,559
out to have been water ice the deep

579
00:20:20,630 --> 00:20:18,559
impact science team members discovered

580
00:20:21,990 --> 00:20:20,640
that with the spectrometers but the

581
00:20:23,669 --> 00:20:22,000
other thing i want to point out are the

582
00:20:26,149 --> 00:20:23,679
layers that joe mentioned

583
00:20:28,470 --> 00:20:26,159
one idea these were two proto-cometary

584
00:20:30,630 --> 00:20:28,480
bodies that collided at very low speeds

585
00:20:32,549 --> 00:20:30,640
and smooshed together the comet to form

586
00:20:33,909 --> 00:20:32,559
like a stack of pancakes

587
00:20:35,270 --> 00:20:33,919
and that's what we see left we don't

588
00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:35,280
know if that exists all the way around

589
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:36,559
the side so it's going to be something

590
00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:38,080
to be looking for

591
00:20:41,750 --> 00:20:40,000
at the bottom you see the knobby terrain

592
00:20:43,190 --> 00:20:41,760
at the other end of the comet so what we

593
00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:43,200
can see out of this

594
00:20:49,270 --> 00:20:46,400
is that this surface this comet is has

595
00:20:51,990 --> 00:20:49,280
really a complicated uh geologic history

596
00:20:53,830 --> 00:20:52,000
it's not just a fuzzball it has history

597
00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:53,840
and so by going back we can see how it's

598
00:20:57,669 --> 00:20:56,080
been changed and we can look at other

599
00:20:58,950 --> 00:20:57,679
features that we've yet to see on the

600
00:21:01,110 --> 00:20:58,960
other side

601
00:21:02,870 --> 00:21:01,120
so as it's been mentioned it may be

602
00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:02,880
difficult to see the craters so give you

603
00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:05,760
an idea let's go back and take a look an

604
00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:08,000
example of the next time step

605
00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:09,919
and at a couple craters now this case

606
00:21:14,549 --> 00:21:11,679
this is the crater of the moon on the

607
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:14,559
moon it's an oblique impact on the left

608
00:21:19,669 --> 00:21:17,600
there's uh an image of the moon from um

609
00:21:21,590 --> 00:21:19,679
high sun angles so the sun's right

610
00:21:23,669 --> 00:21:21,600
overhead and the other one is where the

611
00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:23,679
sun is off to the right which casts as

612
00:21:27,350 --> 00:21:26,080
this shadow so what you can tell is that

613
00:21:29,350 --> 00:21:27,360
you can tell there's a crater you can

614
00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:29,360
tell it's a bleep let's go to the next

615
00:21:32,549 --> 00:21:30,400
time step

616
00:21:34,149 --> 00:21:32,559
now we've degraded this down to about 10

617
00:21:35,750 --> 00:21:34,159
meters per pixel this is a little bit

618
00:21:38,390 --> 00:21:35,760
better than what we'll see with the

619
00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:38,400
closest approach by stardust next

620
00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:41,280
the next one is around 25 meters next

621
00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:44,640
time step 25 meters per pixel this is

622
00:21:47,190 --> 00:21:46,320
probably going to be probably what we'll

623
00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:47,200
get

624
00:21:51,190 --> 00:21:49,840
if we're lucky probably not a problem um

625
00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:51,200
measuring the created diameter or the

626
00:21:55,510 --> 00:21:53,760
ejected if if we're on that side

627
00:21:57,830 --> 00:21:55,520
and finally if we keep going to 50

628
00:21:59,830 --> 00:21:57,840
meters per pixel and then 75 meters per

629
00:22:01,750 --> 00:21:59,840
pixel you can tell that we're beginning

630
00:22:03,510 --> 00:22:01,760
to lose resolution and that may be the

631
00:22:05,029 --> 00:22:03,520
case if we don't come in on the side

632
00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:05,039
that we expect

633
00:22:08,149 --> 00:22:06,720
so regardless i think if we see the

634
00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:08,159
ejector we should be able to see the

635
00:22:10,630 --> 00:22:09,760
crater and we might be able to measure

636
00:22:13,110 --> 00:22:10,640
it

637
00:22:15,270 --> 00:22:13,120
so the real point about this is that

638
00:22:17,110 --> 00:22:15,280
even though these things are uh from a

639
00:22:19,270 --> 00:22:17,120
great distance because this will be

640
00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:19,280
going uh slightly even though it's

641
00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:21,600
closer the cameras are not the same

642
00:22:26,149 --> 00:22:23,520
cameras we have for deep impact we

643
00:22:27,350 --> 00:22:26,159
should be able to resolve the impact now

644
00:22:28,630 --> 00:22:27,360
what happens if we see the crater and

645
00:22:31,029 --> 00:22:28,640
there's no objective well one

646
00:22:33,430 --> 00:22:31,039
possibility is that the ejecta was

647
00:22:36,549 --> 00:22:33,440
thrown out it was icy stuff and all that

648
00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:36,559
ice has sublimated away evaporated away

649
00:22:40,470 --> 00:22:38,880
the other possibility had hit and formed

650
00:22:42,470 --> 00:22:40,480
a dark halo because there was a dark

651
00:22:44,549 --> 00:22:42,480
layer that we saw there

652
00:22:46,230 --> 00:22:44,559
so we're dealing with a lot of unknowns

653
00:22:47,990 --> 00:22:46,240
here and we're hoping we'll be able to

654
00:22:49,990 --> 00:22:48,000
get back to see it

655
00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:50,000
so this particular encounter is going to

656
00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:52,000
answer a lot of very fundamental

657
00:22:55,990 --> 00:22:53,520
questions

658
00:22:57,430 --> 00:22:56,000
and i really hope we get to see this

659
00:23:00,630 --> 00:22:57,440
impact crater but that's going to be a

660
00:23:03,190 --> 00:23:00,640
bonus everything depends on how that

661
00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:03,200
nucleus of the comet has rotated around

662
00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:05,760
and with that i'll hand it over to steve

663
00:23:08,710 --> 00:23:07,039
tesley

664
00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:08,720
thanks pete

665
00:23:12,950 --> 00:23:10,960
so as tim mentioned about a year ago the

666
00:23:14,230 --> 00:23:12,960
stardust next spacecraft executed a

667
00:23:16,230 --> 00:23:14,240
timing maneuver it's the biggest

668
00:23:18,470 --> 00:23:16,240
maneuver of the follow-on mission

669
00:23:19,750 --> 00:23:18,480
and it was a culmination of a massive

670
00:23:22,230 --> 00:23:19,760
undertaking

671
00:23:23,990 --> 00:23:22,240
to to try and predict model and predict

672
00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:24,000
the spin state the rotational

673
00:23:28,070 --> 00:23:26,480
orientation of the comet

674
00:23:30,950 --> 00:23:28,080
so that we could meet the mission's

675
00:23:32,789 --> 00:23:30,960
primary objectives and hopefully get get

676
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:32,799
a glance at the crater

677
00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:34,400
we can go ahead and start the animation

678
00:23:37,510 --> 00:23:35,520
please

679
00:23:40,149 --> 00:23:37,520
so comments are comments because of the

680
00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:40,159
the gas and dust that they emit as the

681
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:42,000
ice is on their surface cook off when

682
00:23:46,149 --> 00:23:44,080
they approach the sun at the closest

683
00:23:48,950 --> 00:23:46,159
approach to the sun we call perihelion

684
00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:48,960
here's a video highly processed

685
00:23:53,430 --> 00:23:51,520
showing that the jets that are rotating

686
00:23:55,269 --> 00:23:53,440
especially on the right you can see

687
00:23:57,350 --> 00:23:55,279
they turn on they turn off they spin

688
00:24:00,630 --> 00:23:57,360
around

689
00:24:03,269 --> 00:24:00,640
this this that video is from the epoxy

690
00:24:05,110 --> 00:24:03,279
flyby of hartley 2.

691
00:24:07,590 --> 00:24:05,120
but but the point here is that comets

692
00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:07,600
are not is just inert

693
00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:09,440
simple objects floating out in space

694
00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:12,240
they're they're dynamic they're active

695
00:24:16,310 --> 00:24:14,559
they're uh much more like a rocket with

696
00:24:19,190 --> 00:24:16,320
no one at the controls than than

697
00:24:20,390 --> 00:24:19,200
something that's just idling idling

698
00:24:22,149 --> 00:24:20,400
there

699
00:24:24,470 --> 00:24:22,159
and these unpredictable jets can change

700
00:24:26,230 --> 00:24:24,480
not only the comet's rotation but also

701
00:24:28,549 --> 00:24:26,240
its orbital path through the solar

702
00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:28,559
system and this is the reason why the

703
00:24:34,149 --> 00:24:31,440
comet dynamics can be so complex even

704
00:24:35,029 --> 00:24:34,159
even erratic in some cases

705
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:35,039
and

706
00:24:41,669 --> 00:24:39,760
to target a spacecraft to a flyby or

707
00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:41,679
rendezvous with a comet in our

708
00:24:46,149 --> 00:24:44,640
particular case the challenges is

709
00:24:48,310 --> 00:24:46,159
a bit higher because we haven't even

710
00:24:52,070 --> 00:24:48,320
seen this comet of until a couple weeks

711
00:24:53,669 --> 00:24:52,080
ago we we saw it last in june of 2010

712
00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:53,679
and just as it was starting to become

713
00:24:58,230 --> 00:24:55,360
active and we were not able to monitor

714
00:25:00,390 --> 00:24:58,240
its its progression as it became active

715
00:25:02,070 --> 00:25:00,400
and passed through perihelion about last

716
00:25:06,950 --> 00:25:02,080
week

717
00:25:08,870 --> 00:25:06,960
magdalena ridge observatory

718
00:25:11,750 --> 00:25:08,880
in new mexico was able to image it in

719
00:25:13,269 --> 00:25:11,760
the dawn twilight about only about 25

720
00:25:15,750 --> 00:25:13,279
degrees from the sun and on the other

721
00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:15,760
side of the sun and we were all very

722
00:25:18,950 --> 00:25:17,360
pleased to see that it was

723
00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:18,960
right about where we had predicted it to

724
00:25:22,310 --> 00:25:21,120
be

725
00:25:24,310 --> 00:25:22,320
and

726
00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:24,320
that's finding the temple one close to

727
00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:26,080
the prediction is important because it

728
00:25:29,590 --> 00:25:27,760
suggests that

729
00:25:31,750 --> 00:25:29,600
this time around through the sun while

730
00:25:33,669 --> 00:25:31,760
we weren't able to monitor it it has

731
00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:33,679
behaved more or less as it has in

732
00:25:38,630 --> 00:25:36,000
previous passages and there's no rule

733
00:25:40,149 --> 00:25:38,640
that says comets have to do that

734
00:25:42,070 --> 00:25:40,159
and that's important for our mission

735
00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:42,080
because our fuel budget is tight and it

736
00:25:46,710 --> 00:25:44,720
would be unfortunate to be forced to

737
00:25:48,470 --> 00:25:46,720
expend a lot of fuel trying to make a

738
00:25:50,310 --> 00:25:48,480
large course correction to get lined up

739
00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:50,320
with the comet because it had decided to

740
00:25:55,430 --> 00:25:52,640
take a crazy turn

741
00:25:57,909 --> 00:25:55,440
also seeing it behave predictably is

742
00:26:00,230 --> 00:25:57,919
reassuring for our efforts to model the

743
00:26:01,430 --> 00:26:00,240
rotation of the comet

744
00:26:02,789 --> 00:26:01,440
and uh

745
00:26:05,669 --> 00:26:02,799
and that's uh

746
00:26:07,350 --> 00:26:05,679
as i mentioned was a huge effort that we

747
00:26:09,750 --> 00:26:07,360
we wanted to achieve the mission

748
00:26:11,269 --> 00:26:09,760
objectives which is to put

749
00:26:13,909 --> 00:26:11,279
basically put the high dollar real

750
00:26:15,510 --> 00:26:13,919
estate in sunlight facing the spacecraft

751
00:26:18,390 --> 00:26:15,520
at the flyby

752
00:26:22,789 --> 00:26:18,400
and and hopefully as a bonus get a

753
00:26:28,070 --> 00:26:25,430
so this was a worldwide effort the next

754
00:26:29,669 --> 00:26:28,080
slide is up and you can see that the

755
00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:29,679
observing side of this campaign

756
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:30,960
comprised

757
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:33,360
dozens of telescopes around the globe

758
00:26:37,590 --> 00:26:36,000
many dozens of observers this was led

759
00:26:39,510 --> 00:26:37,600
a massive

760
00:26:41,269 --> 00:26:39,520
observation campaign led by karen meach

761
00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:41,279
at the university of hawaii

762
00:26:46,230 --> 00:26:43,200
and as a result it's safe to say the

763
00:26:48,310 --> 00:26:46,240
temple one is the best observed comet in

764
00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:48,320
the catalog this is these observations

765
00:26:51,350 --> 00:26:49,760
have been accumulating over more than a

766
00:26:52,549 --> 00:26:51,360
decade now

767
00:26:56,149 --> 00:26:52,559
what i have here

768
00:26:58,230 --> 00:26:56,159
is a model of the temple one nucleus you

769
00:26:59,510 --> 00:26:58,240
can see the north pole is here south

770
00:27:01,909 --> 00:26:59,520
pole is here

771
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:01,919
uh and the the deep impact crater is

772
00:27:06,789 --> 00:27:03,360
just here deep in the southern

773
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:06,799
hemisphere and it rotates like so

774
00:27:11,029 --> 00:27:09,200
and it puts the

775
00:27:13,669 --> 00:27:11,039
broad side to the observer sometimes at

776
00:27:15,590 --> 00:27:13,679
which point it's bright or it puts the

777
00:27:17,110 --> 00:27:15,600
uh the skinny end towards the observer

778
00:27:19,269 --> 00:27:17,120
so it's a little bit dimmer you can go

779
00:27:21,269 --> 00:27:19,279
to the next slide and you can see what

780
00:27:22,230 --> 00:27:21,279
happens is what the observer sees at

781
00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:22,240
this

782
00:27:32,470 --> 00:27:30,480
case taken from the hubble space

783
00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:32,480
telescope that show it brightening and

784
00:27:35,430 --> 00:27:34,559
dimming as we see these alternate ends

785
00:27:37,029 --> 00:27:35,440
of this

786
00:27:39,590 --> 00:27:37,039
comet

787
00:27:40,870 --> 00:27:39,600
and our objective is to take this data i

788
00:27:42,789 --> 00:27:40,880
should mention that this is the hubble

789
00:27:44,630 --> 00:27:42,799
space telescope data for for

790
00:27:47,110 --> 00:27:44,640
ground-based observing which comprise

791
00:27:49,430 --> 00:27:47,120
the bulk of the of the data we used

792
00:27:51,990 --> 00:27:49,440
we don't get to see a full revolution as

793
00:27:54,389 --> 00:27:52,000
is shown here we see maybe 10 or 15

794
00:27:56,630 --> 00:27:54,399
percent of one rotation period in a

795
00:27:58,789 --> 00:27:56,640
given night

796
00:28:00,630 --> 00:27:58,799
but the point is to take this model of

797
00:28:02,149 --> 00:28:00,640
the comet and

798
00:28:04,310 --> 00:28:02,159
combine it with these data next slide

799
00:28:05,909 --> 00:28:04,320
please and you can see how we try and

800
00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:05,919
line these things up but the alignment

801
00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:06,799
is

802
00:28:14,389 --> 00:28:13,520
the way around

803
00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:14,399
the

804
00:28:18,710 --> 00:28:16,240
comet surface

805
00:28:20,950 --> 00:28:18,720
uh next slide so we use this to

806
00:28:22,470 --> 00:28:20,960
to line things up and measure the speed

807
00:28:24,549 --> 00:28:22,480
and and estimate the alignment of the

808
00:28:26,230 --> 00:28:24,559
comet but as you can see next slide

809
00:28:27,750 --> 00:28:26,240
there's two there's a primary solution

810
00:28:29,510 --> 00:28:27,760
that you're looking at here

811
00:28:31,909 --> 00:28:29,520
and there's an alternate solution on the

812
00:28:33,350 --> 00:28:31,919
next slide

813
00:28:35,750 --> 00:28:33,360
and

814
00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:35,760
from a variety of perspectives we've

815
00:28:41,110 --> 00:28:38,080
we're very confident that we have chosen

816
00:28:44,230 --> 00:28:41,120
the right orientation but comets being

817
00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:44,240
the unruly beasts that they can be there

818
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:46,960
is always a chance that this opposite

819
00:28:52,070 --> 00:28:50,559
phase correlation is the right one

820
00:28:53,430 --> 00:28:52,080
well to

821
00:28:55,350 --> 00:28:53,440
reach these

822
00:28:56,950 --> 00:28:55,360
conclusions we had two independent

823
00:28:59,190 --> 00:28:56,960
groups

824
00:29:01,750 --> 00:28:59,200
using different but very complementary

825
00:29:04,070 --> 00:29:01,760
analysis techniques mike belton that

826
00:29:06,310 --> 00:29:04,080
what we call the tucson group and i led

827
00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:06,320
a group at jpl and after more than a

828
00:29:10,870 --> 00:29:08,480
year of intense effort lots and lots of

829
00:29:12,630 --> 00:29:10,880
cross-checking we've we reached the same

830
00:29:14,389 --> 00:29:12,640
conclusion that temple one is

831
00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:14,399
accelerating every time it passes

832
00:29:18,470 --> 00:29:16,640
through the close approach to the sun

833
00:29:20,710 --> 00:29:18,480
it it gets a little boost in its

834
00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:20,720
rotation speed we could even see that

835
00:29:25,909 --> 00:29:22,480
acceleration in the light curve that

836
00:29:28,149 --> 00:29:25,919
came from the deep impact spacecraft

837
00:29:29,750 --> 00:29:28,159
all by itself

838
00:29:31,510 --> 00:29:29,760
and this shared conclusion went went

839
00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:31,520
further we actually have a very detailed

840
00:29:36,230 --> 00:29:34,080
model of the jet induced torques that

841
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:36,240
the comet is experiencing we see a very

842
00:29:40,870 --> 00:29:39,120
strong and brief acceleration

843
00:29:42,870 --> 00:29:40,880
around the time of perihelion but in the

844
00:29:44,870 --> 00:29:42,880
background there's a much weaker

845
00:29:47,269 --> 00:29:44,880
deceleration that operates for a much

846
00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:47,279
longer time period

847
00:29:50,950 --> 00:29:49,520
so temple one is the first comet to have

848
00:29:53,029 --> 00:29:50,960
such a detailed

849
00:29:55,269 --> 00:29:53,039
and precisely measured and modeled

850
00:29:56,470 --> 00:29:55,279
rotation and

851
00:29:59,190 --> 00:29:56,480
of course this was originally a

852
00:30:01,990 --> 00:29:59,200
scientific objective but eventually the

853
00:30:03,990 --> 00:30:02,000
status next mission needed to know

854
00:30:05,750 --> 00:30:04,000
the orientation of the the

855
00:30:08,070 --> 00:30:05,760
comet and so it became a mission

856
00:30:10,470 --> 00:30:08,080
objective as well

857
00:30:12,630 --> 00:30:10,480
so if we have aligned our

858
00:30:14,710 --> 00:30:12,640
light curves correctly and if the comet

859
00:30:16,470 --> 00:30:14,720
continues to cooperate as opposed to

860
00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:16,480
deviating radically from its previous

861
00:30:20,950 --> 00:30:18,720
behavior then we will meet our mission

862
00:30:23,430 --> 00:30:20,960
objectives on february 14th

863
00:30:25,510 --> 00:30:23,440
and hopefully also have a fantastic view

864
00:30:27,269 --> 00:30:25,520
of the deep impact crater

865
00:30:29,590 --> 00:30:27,279
but the alternative is not so bad

866
00:30:32,230 --> 00:30:29,600
because then we'll get a fantastic views

867
00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:32,240
of never before seen commentary terrain

868
00:30:35,510 --> 00:30:34,159
so we'll have fantastic science no

869
00:30:37,029 --> 00:30:35,520
matter what

870
00:30:39,510 --> 00:30:37,039
there is the question of will we see the

871
00:30:41,190 --> 00:30:39,520
crater or will it be camera shy

872
00:30:43,110 --> 00:30:41,200
and we won't know until a few hours

873
00:30:44,789 --> 00:30:43,120
after the flyby i'll be on the edge of

874
00:30:46,149 --> 00:30:44,799
my seat but

875
00:30:48,710 --> 00:30:46,159
i think it's important to emphasize that

876
00:30:51,110 --> 00:30:48,720
that aspect of the mission is is bonus

877
00:30:53,190 --> 00:30:51,120
science and we're going to find out a

878
00:30:56,630 --> 00:30:53,200
lot about how comets evolve from

879
00:30:58,950 --> 00:30:56,640
perihelion passage to perihelion passage

880
00:31:00,789 --> 00:30:58,960
come come february 14th with that i'll

881
00:31:02,870 --> 00:31:00,799
pass it back to dwayne brown okay well

882
00:31:05,509 --> 00:31:02,880
thank you gentlemen we're going to now

883
00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:05,519
go to the phones and before we do that i

884
00:31:09,590 --> 00:31:07,679
have a couple of questions from some of

885
00:31:12,549 --> 00:31:09,600
the dot coms that are

886
00:31:14,789 --> 00:31:12,559
on the line here probably for you joe to

887
00:31:16,710 --> 00:31:14,799
start off

888
00:31:18,710 --> 00:31:16,720
why is it important and

889
00:31:21,909 --> 00:31:18,720
summarize this in layman's terms as you

890
00:31:25,750 --> 00:31:21,919
can to study comets and if what we know

891
00:31:28,070 --> 00:31:25,760
now how is stardust next going to change

892
00:31:30,950 --> 00:31:28,080
the knowledge and data well generally

893
00:31:33,509 --> 00:31:30,960
the idea is that comets preserve some of

894
00:31:36,230 --> 00:31:33,519
the most faithful information about what

895
00:31:37,669 --> 00:31:36,240
happened when the solar system formed

896
00:31:38,389 --> 00:31:37,679
and

897
00:31:41,269 --> 00:31:38,399
we

898
00:31:43,909 --> 00:31:41,279
do know that comets do contain

899
00:31:46,389 --> 00:31:43,919
interesting molecules some of which

900
00:31:48,310 --> 00:31:46,399
could have been involved in the

901
00:31:50,710 --> 00:31:48,320
origin of life on the earth so the

902
00:31:52,710 --> 00:31:50,720
overall objective of comet studies is to

903
00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:52,720
get to the point where

904
00:31:58,549 --> 00:31:56,000
we can actually return

905
00:32:00,789 --> 00:31:58,559
sizable samples of commentary material

906
00:32:02,710 --> 00:32:00,799
to do a chemical analysis which will

907
00:32:04,310 --> 00:32:02,720
answer the question whether we are comet

908
00:32:06,870 --> 00:32:04,320
stuff or not now

909
00:32:08,630 --> 00:32:06,880
what does the role start us next well

910
00:32:10,070 --> 00:32:08,640
we we are not going to be returning

911
00:32:13,750 --> 00:32:10,080
examples but

912
00:32:15,909 --> 00:32:13,760
for example uh by imaging the crater if

913
00:32:18,149 --> 00:32:15,919
we're successful we will learn more

914
00:32:20,630 --> 00:32:18,159
about the mechanical properties of the

915
00:32:23,269 --> 00:32:20,640
surface so when there is a next mission

916
00:32:24,950 --> 00:32:23,279
that tries to land on the surface

917
00:32:26,310 --> 00:32:24,960
there will be data on how difficult it

918
00:32:28,149 --> 00:32:26,320
will be to remove a sample from the

919
00:32:29,669 --> 00:32:28,159
subsurface to bring back to earth to

920
00:32:31,830 --> 00:32:29,679
answer these questions so it's a step

921
00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:31,840
towards the ultimate answer

922
00:32:36,149 --> 00:32:34,640
anyone else want to chime in on that

923
00:32:38,389 --> 00:32:36,159
you got it

924
00:32:39,669 --> 00:32:38,399
the next question this is actually for

925
00:32:42,389 --> 00:32:39,679
for each one of you and i'm going to

926
00:32:44,630 --> 00:32:42,399
start at the opposite end with steve

927
00:32:46,950 --> 00:32:44,640
uh they want to know your personal

928
00:32:49,110 --> 00:32:46,960
thoughts on the success so far of the

929
00:32:51,990 --> 00:32:49,120
spacecraft and what are your

930
00:32:55,750 --> 00:32:52,000
possible expectations and uh

931
00:32:57,269 --> 00:32:55,760
and uh excitement building personally so

932
00:32:58,870 --> 00:32:57,279
steve start with you

933
00:33:01,110 --> 00:32:58,880
well that's that's a great question i

934
00:33:02,470 --> 00:33:01,120
mean the stardust spacecraft has been

935
00:33:04,389 --> 00:33:02,480
around the block as we've heard many

936
00:33:06,950 --> 00:33:04,399
times and so it's it's pretty exciting

937
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:06,960
to see something to keep on getting

938
00:33:11,350 --> 00:33:09,039
reused and reused

939
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:11,360
and producing bonus science at every

940
00:33:16,549 --> 00:33:13,679
turn for me personally i've been closely

941
00:33:18,789 --> 00:33:16,559
involved with uh the trajectory analysis

942
00:33:21,509 --> 00:33:18,799
for this comet and so i'm hoping to see

943
00:33:23,990 --> 00:33:21,519
it be close to where i predicted uh when

944
00:33:25,669 --> 00:33:24,000
we finally get there and i also have

945
00:33:27,990 --> 00:33:25,679
been working

946
00:33:30,310 --> 00:33:28,000
hard on the rotation modeling so i've

947
00:33:32,070 --> 00:33:30,320
kind of got two irons in the fire here

948
00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:32,080
and i'm excited to see whether or not

949
00:33:36,149 --> 00:33:33,840
the the

950
00:33:37,669 --> 00:33:36,159
things pan out for the predictions

951
00:33:39,350 --> 00:33:37,679
pete

952
00:33:40,789 --> 00:33:39,360
you know i i think

953
00:33:42,149 --> 00:33:40,799
you know as we said i mean all of us

954
00:33:44,389 --> 00:33:42,159
have said we want to see what the

955
00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:44,399
surface has done it may be a very

956
00:33:47,430 --> 00:33:45,760
different place

957
00:33:48,870 --> 00:33:47,440
there are some structures that have to

958
00:33:50,389 --> 00:33:48,880
have been around for a long while but

959
00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:50,399
it's these other features that we want

960
00:33:53,509 --> 00:33:52,080
to see of course i want to see the

961
00:33:55,029 --> 00:33:53,519
impact greater

962
00:33:58,070 --> 00:33:55,039
bets are in

963
00:33:59,029 --> 00:33:58,080
um i want to find out if i win the pool

964
00:34:01,509 --> 00:33:59,039
um

965
00:34:04,149 --> 00:34:01,519
and that that's my hope uh personally i

966
00:34:05,669 --> 00:34:04,159
want to see the crater but i'll take

967
00:34:10,710 --> 00:34:05,679
i'll take the other option to see the

968
00:34:14,310 --> 00:34:12,710
in terms of expectations of for this

969
00:34:16,149 --> 00:34:14,320
flyby

970
00:34:17,669 --> 00:34:16,159
i'm

971
00:34:19,270 --> 00:34:17,679
very confident in our ability to get

972
00:34:22,310 --> 00:34:19,280
there we have a great navigation team at

973
00:34:23,669 --> 00:34:22,320
jpl that that's working hard to

974
00:34:25,589 --> 00:34:23,679
make sure we get to the right place at

975
00:34:27,829 --> 00:34:25,599
the right time um

976
00:34:29,829 --> 00:34:27,839
i've been working uh closely with the

977
00:34:32,310 --> 00:34:29,839
with the spacecraft team at lockheed

978
00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:32,320
martin in denver now for the last uh

979
00:34:37,030 --> 00:34:34,800
two and a half years or so and i'm very

980
00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:37,040
confident in in the ability of this team

981
00:34:40,710 --> 00:34:38,800
to do everything that needs to be done

982
00:34:43,030 --> 00:34:40,720
to make it make the spacecraft do what

983
00:34:45,430 --> 00:34:43,040
it's supposed to do and uh we've

984
00:34:46,790 --> 00:34:45,440
assessed uh all all our major

985
00:34:49,030 --> 00:34:46,800
uncertainties our challenges we've

986
00:34:51,589 --> 00:34:49,040
addressed all of them so i'm i'm frankly

987
00:34:53,349 --> 00:34:51,599
very very confident in uh the results of

988
00:34:55,829 --> 00:34:53,359
the that that we're gonna get a good

989
00:34:58,390 --> 00:34:55,839
flyby and good images of the comet

990
00:35:00,870 --> 00:34:58,400
uh on a personal note though

991
00:35:02,310 --> 00:35:00,880
i think i would also

992
00:35:03,829 --> 00:35:02,320
to me it's going to be a great follow-up

993
00:35:05,430 --> 00:35:03,839
to previous comet missions i've been

994
00:35:08,630 --> 00:35:05,440
involved with started out with deep

995
00:35:10,870 --> 00:35:08,640
impact and the temple one flyby in 2005.

996
00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:10,880
um following that up with uh the hartley

997
00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:13,440
ii fly by this last november and now an

998
00:35:17,510 --> 00:35:15,520
opportunity to go back to temple one for

999
00:35:19,109 --> 00:35:17,520
me it's a huge excitement and every time

1000
00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:19,119
we've we've pulled one of these missions

1001
00:35:22,230 --> 00:35:20,960
off

1002
00:35:24,150 --> 00:35:22,240
new discoveries have come out of them

1003
00:35:25,510 --> 00:35:24,160
and so i expect this to deal some new

1004
00:35:27,109 --> 00:35:25,520
discoveries for us no matter what side

1005
00:35:29,349 --> 00:35:27,119
of the comet we see

1006
00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:29,359
joe final thought well

1007
00:35:33,510 --> 00:35:31,920
i guess two points uh one is i just want

1008
00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:33,520
to emphasize that uh

1009
00:35:39,349 --> 00:35:36,000
we know very little about how comets

1010
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:39,359
behave and uh we saw some images today

1011
00:35:43,030 --> 00:35:41,200
where peter schultz showed us different

1012
00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:43,040
features on the surface

1013
00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:44,400
we have no idea

1014
00:35:48,950 --> 00:35:47,200
uh how fast any of these features change

1015
00:35:51,510 --> 00:35:48,960
you know are some of them you know

1016
00:35:52,790 --> 00:35:51,520
millions of years old or some of them uh

1017
00:35:54,150 --> 00:35:52,800
two years old

1018
00:35:56,710 --> 00:35:54,160
and so i think the thing that we're

1019
00:35:59,190 --> 00:35:56,720
looking for is to start answering that

1020
00:36:00,710 --> 00:35:59,200
question okay

1021
00:36:01,589 --> 00:36:00,720
the second thing i wanted to say was

1022
00:36:03,990 --> 00:36:01,599
that

1023
00:36:07,510 --> 00:36:04,000
i think it is very

1024
00:36:09,030 --> 00:36:07,520
extremely rewarding to be able to

1025
00:36:10,870 --> 00:36:09,040
look forward to accomplishing first

1026
00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:10,880
straight science with a spacecraft

1027
00:36:15,829 --> 00:36:12,800
that's already done wonderful things

1028
00:36:18,069 --> 00:36:15,839
that you know has uh uh

1029
00:36:19,910 --> 00:36:18,079
used up most of its fuel and managing

1030
00:36:21,510 --> 00:36:19,920
all those resources to achieve great

1031
00:36:23,589 --> 00:36:21,520
science and i think that's you know very

1032
00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:23,599
rewarding to all of us

1033
00:36:26,390 --> 00:36:25,040
well gentlemen we have a number of folks

1034
00:36:28,310 --> 00:36:26,400
on the phone but

1035
00:36:30,069 --> 00:36:28,320
i believe you guys presentations were so

1036
00:36:32,470 --> 00:36:30,079
airtight you answered all the questions

1037
00:36:34,550 --> 00:36:32,480
so what i'm going to do here is wrap it

1038
00:36:36,150 --> 00:36:34,560
up i want to thank folks for joining us

1039
00:36:37,589 --> 00:36:36,160
of course if you want

1040
00:36:40,990 --> 00:36:37,599
additional information about this

1041
00:36:44,069 --> 00:36:41,000
incredible mission of spacecraft go to

1042
00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:44,079
www.nasa.gov also on a programming note

1043
00:36:48,310 --> 00:36:46,480
tomorrow at 1 pm eastern time here at

1044
00:36:50,630 --> 00:36:48,320
nasa headquarters will be a media

1045
00:36:51,589 --> 00:36:50,640
briefing about the agency's next

1046
00:36:53,510 --> 00:36:51,599
earth

1047
00:36:55,430 --> 00:36:53,520
observing satellite mission

1048
00:36:57,829 --> 00:36:55,440
called glory it's scheduled to launch on

1049
00:36:59,829 --> 00:36:57,839
february 23rd and panelists will discuss

1050
00:37:02,710 --> 00:36:59,839
the spacecraft's mission to study the

1051
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:02,720
impact of the sun and airborne particles

1052
00:37:08,069 --> 00:37:05,359
on earth's climate thank you again happy